Table 4.
Gagné’s (1984) nine events of instruction and examples in the OLE
Gagné’s (1984) nine events of instruction
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Examples in the OLE
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Attention from the students
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Images, videos, and cartoons can be used to get attentions from students
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Notification of the objectives
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Students could be informed of the objectives through a clear written form or a spoken language.
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Recall of previous learning
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Students previous learning in native culture and native language is recalled to learn target culture and target language.
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Content presentation
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Cultural content is provided through online courses. The content is delivered by tools or media such as Quizlet, Youtube, and images.
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Learning guidance
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Guidance to learning and tasks is provided through question and answer forum. In addition, the OLE has course progress bar that tells the learners what to take further.
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Students’ performance
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Students are supposed to speak and write in target language in the OLE.
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Feedback
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Students are getting feedback about their activities through Voicethread and Google Drive
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Assessment
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Students’ words activities, speaking activities, and writing activities are assessed to measure their learning outcomes.
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Enhance and transfer
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Review section and reflection section are given at the end of online courses.
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