Types of Learning and examples in OLEs

Table 1. Types of Learning and examples in OLEs

Gagné (1965)’s Types of Learning	Examples in OLEs
Signal learning: Pavlov’s conditioned response	Whole process of learning - words, expressions, listening, speaking, reading, writing
Stimulus-response learning: Exact response to selected stimulus	Repeating pronunciation of words, words game in Quizlet
Chaining: Connection of multiple stimulus-responses	Acquiring correct spelling of words through Quizlet and writing sentences in grammatical order of words
Verbal association: Chaining in terms of language	Writing in forums in an OLE and speaking sentences with words and expressions given to them in an Voicethread activity
Multiple discrimination: Showing different responses to various different stimuli resembling each other	Transferring native cultures to target cultures learning / Transferring knowledge of a native language to learn a new language
Concept learning: Telling a whole class of objects from other things.	Learning rules of languages to form sentences in writing and speaking activity
Principle learning: A link of multiple concepts	Learning systemized rules of languages to form sentences in writing and speaking activity; the rules are combined to a total language system.
Problem solving: Using concept and principle to solve problems	Finding information on website written in target language and performing problem solving tasks such as using public transportation and ordering sandwiches.

Note: Adated from “Principles of language learning and teaching”. By Brown, H. D. (2007). White Plains, NY : Pearson Longman, c2007, pp. 100-101.