Activities in OLEs according to task knowledge level and cognitive processing level

Table 2.

Activities in OLEs according to task knowledge level and cognitive processing level

Activities in the OLE	Task knowledge level 1	Task knowledge level 2	Task knowledge level 3	Task knowledge level 4	Task  knowledge  level 5
Cognitive processing level 1	Words flash card	Phrases flash card
Cognitive processing level 2	Word quiz	Phrase quiz	Target culture learning
Cognitive processing level 3		Sharing experience in Facebook	Talking about native culture
Cognitive processing level 4	Talking about native culture		Writing about native culture	Talking about target culture	Finding information on the web
Cognitive processing level 5	Writing about native culture			Writing about target culture	Intercultural communication

Note: Adapted from "Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective". By Ertmer & Newby (2013). Performance Improvement Quarterly, p.62