Gagné’s (1984) nine events of instruction and examples in the OLE

Table 4.

Gagné’s (1984) nine events of instruction and examples in the OLE

Gagné’s (1984) nine events of instruction	Examples in the OLE
Attention from the students	Images, videos, and cartoons can be used to get attentions from students
Notification of the objectives	Students could be informed of the objectives through a clear written form or a spoken language.
Recall of previous learning	Students previous learning in native culture and native language is recalled to learn target culture and target language.
Content presentation	Cultural content is provided through online courses. The content is delivered by tools or media such as Quizlet, Youtube, and images.
Learning guidance	Guidance to learning and tasks is provided through question and answer forum. In addition, the OLE has course progress bar that tells the learners what to take further.
Students’ performance	Students are supposed to speak and write in target language in the OLE.
Feedback	Students are getting feedback about their activities through Voicethread and Google Drive
Assessment	Students’ words activities, speaking activities, and writing activities are assessed to measure their learning outcomes.
Enhance and transfer	Review section and reflection section are given at the end of online courses.